Theory Considers Art as a Product of a Culture and Value System

What is Art?

Interactions between the elements and principles of art assist artists to organize sensorially pleasing works of art while also giving viewers a framework inside which to analyze and talk over artful ideas.

Learning Objectives

Evaluate the frameworks we tin employ to analyze and discuss works of art

Fundamental Takeaways

Key Points

• The interplay between the principles and elements of art provide a language with which to discuss and analyze works of art.
• The principles of art include: motion, unity, harmony, variety, rest, dissimilarity , proportion and pattern.
• The elements of art include: texture , form , infinite , shape, color, value and line .
• How all-time to ascertain the term fine art is a subject of constant contention.
• Since conceptual art and postmodern theory came into prominence, it has been proven that anything can be termed art.

Key Terms

• Formalism:The study of art by analyzing and comparing form and style—the fashion objects are fabricated and their purely visual aspects.

What is Fine art?

Art is a highly diverse range of homo activities engaged in creating visual, auditory, or performed artifacts— artworks—that limited the author'due south imaginative or technical skill, and are intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power.

The oldest documented forms of art are visual arts, which include images or objects in fields like painting, sculpture, printmaking , photography, and other visual media . Architecture is often included as one of the visual arts; however, like the decorative arts, it involves the creation of objects where the practical considerations of use are essential, in a way that they usually are not in some other visual art, like a painting.

Art may be characterized in terms of mimesis (its representation of reality), expression, communication of emotion, or other qualities. Though the definition of what constitutes art is disputed and has inverse over time, general descriptions middle on the idea of imaginative or technical skill stemming from human bureau and creation. When it comes to visually identifying a work of fine art, there is no single set of values or artful traits. A Baroque painting volition non necessarily share much with a gimmicky functioning piece, but they are both considered art.

Despite the seemingly indefinable nature of art, there accept always existed sure formal guidelines for its aesthetic judgment and analysis. Formalism is a concept in art theory in which an artwork's artistic value is determined solely past its form, or how it is made. Formalism evaluates works on a purely visual level, considering medium and compositional elements as opposed to whatsoever reference to realism , context, or content.

Art is often examined through the interaction of the principles and elements of art. The principles of fine art include motion, unity, harmony, diversity, balance, contrast, proportion and blueprint. The elements include texture, form, space, shape, color, value and line. The various interactions betwixt the elements and principles of fine art assistance artists to organize sensorially pleasing works of art while besides giving viewers a framework within which to analyze and hash out aesthetic ideas.

Ecce Homo, Caravaggio, 1605: This is an instance of a Bizarre painting.

Bjӧrk, Common Core, 2011: This is an example of a gimmicky performance slice.

What Does Fine art Do?

A primal purpose inherent to nearly artistic disciplines is the underlying intention to appeal to, and connect with, human being emotion.

Learning Objectives

Examine the communication, utilitarian, aesthetic, therapeutic, and intellectual purposes of art

Central Takeaways

Key Points

• The decorative arts add aesthetic and design values to the objects we utilise every day, such as a glass or a chair.
• Fine art therapy is a relatively young type of therapy that focuses on the therapeutic benefits of art-making, using different methods and theories.
• Since the introduction of conceptual art and postmodern theory, it has been proven that anything tin, in fact, exist termed art.
• Information technology tin can be said that the fine arts correspond an exploration of the human condition and the effort at a deeper understanding of life.

Key Terms

• human condition:The characteristics, key events, and situations which compose the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, disharmonize, and bloodshed.
• fine arts:Visual fine art created principally for its artful value.
• artful:Concerned with artistic touch or appearance.

A primal purpose common to most art forms is the underlying intention to appeal to, and connect with, homo emotion. However, the term is incredibly broad and is broken upward into numerous sub-categories that lead to utilitarian , decorative, therapeutic, communicative, and intellectual ends. In its broadest form, art may be considered an exploration of the human condition, or a production of the human feel.

The decorative arts add aesthetic and blueprint values to everyday objects, such every bit a glass or a chair, transforming them from a mere utilitarian object to something aesthetically beautiful. Entire schools of thought exist based on the concepts of design theory intended for the physical world.

Bauhaus chair by Marcel Breuer: The decorative arts add together artful and design values to everyday objects.

Art can function therapeutically too, an idea that is explored in art therapy. While definitions and practices vary, fine art therapy is generally understood equally a form of therapy that uses art media as its principal style of communication. It is a relatively young bailiwick, first introduced around the mid-20th century.

Historically, the fine arts were meant to entreatment to the human intellect, though currently there are no true boundaries. Typically, fine art movements have reacted to each other both intellectually and aesthetically throughout the ages. With the introduction of conceptual fine art and postmodern theory, practically anything can be termed art. In general terms, the fine arts correspond an exploration of the human condition and the attempt to experience a deeper understanding of life.

What Does Art Mean?

The meaning of fine art is shaped by the intentions of the artist too every bit the feelings and ideas it engenders in the viewer.

Learning Objectives

Evaluate the perspectives behind the meaning of art

Key Takeaways

Cardinal Points

• The pregnant of fine art is often shared amongst the members of a given club and dependent upon cultural context.
• The nature of art has been described by philosopher Richard Wollheim as "one of the most elusive of the traditional issues of human culture."
• Some purposes of art may be to limited or communicate emotions and ideas, to explore and appreciate formal elements for their own sake, or to serve as representation.
• Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication and means whatever it is intended to mean by the creative person.

Central Terms

• mimesis:The representation of aspects of the real world, especially homo actions, in literature and art.

The pregnant of art is often culturally specific, shared amongst the members of a given society and dependent upon cultural context. The purpose of works of fine art may be to communicate political, spiritual or philosophical ideas, to create a sense of beauty (see aesthetics), to explore the nature of perception, for pleasure, or to generate stiff emotions. Its purpose may also exist seemingly nonexistent.

The nature of art has been described past philosopher Richard Wollheim equally "i of the well-nigh elusive of the traditional problems of human culture." Information technology has been defined as a vehicle for the expression or communication of emotions and ideas, a means for exploring and appreciating formal elements for their own sake, and as mimesis or representation. More than recently, thinkers influenced by Martin Heidegger take interpreted fine art as the means past which a community develops for itself a medium for self-expression and interpretation.

Helen Frankenthaler, 1956: A photograph of the American artist Helen Frankenthaler in her studio in 1956.

Fine art, in its broadest sense, is a form of communication. It ways whatsoever the artist intends it to mean, and this meaning is shaped by the materials, techniques, and forms it makes use of, besides equally the ideas and feelings information technology creates in its viewers . Art is an human action of expressing feelings, thoughts, and observations.

What Makes Art Beautiful?

Beauty in terms of art refers to an interaction betwixt line, color, texture, sound, shape, motion, and size that is pleasing to the senses.

Learning Objectives

Define "aesthetics" and "beauty" equally they relate to art

Key Takeaways

Key Points

• Dazzler in art can be difficult to put into words due to a seeming lack of accurate linguistic communication.
• An aesthetic judgment cannot be an empirical judgment only must instead be processed on a more intuitive level.
• Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature and appreciation of art, beauty, and gustation. Aesthetics is fundamental to whatever exploration of fine art.
• For Immanuel Kant, the aesthetic experience of beauty is a judgment of a subjective, only common, human truth.
• For Arthur Schopenhauer, aesthetic contemplation of beauty is the freest and most pure and truthful that intellect tin exist, and is therefore cute.
• Art is oft intended to appeal to, and connect with, human emotion.

Key Terms

• aesthetics:The branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of fine art, taste, and the cosmos and appreciation of beauty.
• intuitive:Spontaneous, without requiring conscious idea; easily understood or grasped by instinct.

What makes art cute is a complicated concept, since beauty is subjective and can change based on context. Still, there is a basic man instinct, or internal appreciation, for harmony, balance, and rhythm which tin be defined as beauty. Beauty in terms of art ordinarily refers to an interaction betwixt line, color, texture , sound, shape, motion, and size that is pleasing to the senses.

Aesthetic Art

Aesthetics is the co-operative of philosophy that deals with the nature and appreciation of art, beauty, and taste. Aesthetics is key to any exploration of art. The discussion "aesthetic" is derived from the Greek "aisthetikos," significant "esthetic, sensitive, or sentient. " In do, aesthetic judgment refers to the sensory contemplation or appreciation of an object (not necessarily a work of fine art), while creative judgment refers to the recognition, appreciation, or criticism of a piece of work of art.

Numerous philosophers have attempted to tackle the concept of beauty and art. For Immanuel Kant, the artful experience of beauty is a judgment of a subjective, but mutual, human truth. He argued that all people should hold that a rose is beautiful if it indeed is. In that location are many mutual conceptions of beauty; for instance, Michelangelo's paintings in the Sistine Chapel are widely recognized every bit beautiful works of fine art. However, Kant believes dazzler cannot be reduced to any basic set of characteristics or features.

For Arthur Schopenhauer, aesthetic contemplation of beauty is the freest and near pure that intellect can be. He believes that only in terms of aesthetics do we contemplate perfection of form without any kind of worldly agenda.

Michelangelo, The Creation of Adam, The Sistine Chapel, 1508-1512:

Dazzler in art tin be difficult to put into words due to a seeming lack of accurate language. An aesthetic judgment cannot be an empirical judgment only must instead be processed on a more intuitive level.

Fine art and Homo Emotion

Sometimes beauty is not the creative person's ultimate goal. Art is oft intended to appeal to, and connect with, human emotion. Artists may express something then that their audience is stimulated in some way—creating feelings, religious organized religion, curiosity, involvement, identification with a group, memories, thoughts, or creativity. For example, functioning art often does not aim to please the audience but instead evokes feelings, reactions, conversations, or questions from the viewer . In these cases, aesthetics may exist an irrelevant measure of "beautiful" art.

Who Is an Creative person?

An creative person is a person who is involved in the wide range of activities that are related to creating art.

Learning Objectives

Summarize the evolution of the term "artist" and its predecessors

Key Takeaways

Key Points

• In aboriginal Hellenic republic and Rome there was no word for "artist," just there were nine muses who oversaw a unlike field of human cosmos related to music and poetry, with no muse for visual arts.
• During the Heart Ages , the give-and-take "artista" referred to something resembling "craftsman."
• The first division into major and pocket-sized arts dates back to the 1400s with the work of Leon Battista Alberti.
• The European Academies of the 16th century formally solidified the gap between the fine and the applied arts which exists in varying degrees to this day.
• Currently an artist can be divers as anyone who calls him/herself an artist.

Key Terms

• muses:Goddesses of the inspiration of literature, science, and the arts in Greek mythology.
• Pop art:An art movement that emerged in the 1950s that presented a challenge to traditions of fine art by including imagery from pop civilization such as advertising and news.
• fine arts:The purely aesthetic arts, such equally music, painting, and poetry, as opposed to industrial or functional arts such as applied science or carpentry.

An creative person is a person who is involved in the wide range of activities that are related to creating art. The discussion has transformed over time and context, but the modernistic understanding of the term denotes that, ultimately, an artist is anyone who calls him/herself an artist.

In aboriginal Greece and Rome, in that location was no word for "artist." The Greek word "techne" is the closest that exists to "art" and means "mastery of whatsoever art or arts and crafts." From the Latin "tecnicus" derives the English words "technique," "technology," and "technical." From these words we can denote the ancient standard of equating art with manual labor or arts and crafts.

Each of the 9 muses of aboriginal Hellenic republic oversaw a unlike field of homo creation. The creation of poetry and music was considered to be divinely inspired and was therefore held in loftier esteem. However, in that location was no muse identified with the painting and sculpture; ancient Greek culture held these art forms in low social regard, considering work of this sort to be more along the lines of manual labor.

During the Center Ages, the discussion "artista" referred to something resembling "craftsman," or pupil of the arts. The first division into "major" and "modest" arts dates back to the 1400s with the work of Leon Battista Alberti, which focused on the importance of the intellectual skills of the artist rather than the manual skills of a craftsman. The European academies of the 16th century formally solidified the gap betwixt the fine and the practical arts, which exists in varying degrees to this day. Generally speaking, the applied arts apply design and aesthetics to objects of everyday utilize, while the fine arts serve as intellectual stimulation.

Currently, the term "artist" typically refers to anyone who is engaged in an activity that is deemed to be an art form. Withal, the questions of what is art and who is an artist are non easily answered. The idea of defining art today is far more difficult than it has e'er been. Later on the exhibition during the Pop Art motility of Andy Warhol's Brillo Box and Campbell's Soup Cans, the questions of "what is art?" and "who is an artist?" entered a more conceptual realm. Anything can, in fact, be art, and the term remains constantly evolving.

Andy Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans, 1962: Andy Warhol's Campbell's Soup Cans accept come to be representative of the Pop Art movement.

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Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/what-is-art/